Gluing and Nailing the Transom Together

I glued and nailed the transom today. I originally was going to use screws but decided to go with nails once I realized that I would have to go through the plywood and into the frame in order to get a better “bite” for the nails. Going through the frame wood and then into the plywood gave me only a ¼” depth on a 1” nail or screw and I only had a total thickness of 1-1/4” so anything longer than a 1” nail was out if the question.

Going through he plywood first poses its own minor problems. I have to align all the frame pieces using the outside edges exclusively so I will need to be careful about keeping the frame stable while I prepare it with pilot holes for the nails and keep them aligned with some temporary small nails like I used on the gussets.

I pilot drilled one section at a time, putting an alignment nail in every couple holes.

I glued and nailed the transom today. I originally was going to use screws but decided to go with nails once I realized that I would have to go through the plywood and into the frame in order to get a better “bite” for the nails. Going through the frame wood and then into the plywood gave me only a ¼” depth on a 1” nail or screw and I only had a total thickness of 1-1/4” so anything longer than a 1” nail was out if the question.

Going through he plywood first poses its own minor problems. I have to align all the frame pieces using the outside edges exclusively so I will need to be careful about keeping the frame stable while I prepare it with pilot holes for the nails and keep them aligned with some temporary small nails like I used on the gussets.

I pilot drilled one section at a time, putting an alignment nail in every couple holes.



That completed, it was time to mix a batch of Weldwood Resin Glue and apply it to the inside of the frames. It was very warm today so the thin layer would dry quickly and I had to quickly reassemble the plywood to the frame pieces and get at least a couple nails in each frame piece to prevent them from moving. I was a bit frantic but my hammer drove the nails home quickly.



The finished result looked great!



I spent the rest of the afternoon carefully laying out the cut lines for the stringers and the keel.

Making the Transom

The final "frame" is the transom or back end of the boat. It must be strong because the sides and bottom panels end here.

I am using 1/2" marine plywood plus the 1" (3/4", really) pine to make it and it will be reinforced to add to its strength. It will have more screws that nails when I go to put it together.

The most important part is to make a pattern for what is called the "deck crown". This is a curve that runs from side to side and then, in the middle, there is a rise to allow for water run-off. At the widest part of the boat, Frame #6, the width is 72" and the amount of rise between the outside edge of the boat and the middle of the deck was 2-1/2 inches according to the drawing. When I laid it out on the transom, it was way too radical of a rise so I decided to reduce it to 1-1/2" over 72". This gave a more gradual curve and is enough for any water to roll off easily.

There is a formula for figuring the rise that I pulled from an old boat building book. I cut out a 2" x 75 inch piece of Luann plywood then marked its center. I then drew an arc of 1-1/2". Divided the bottom line of the arc into 4 even pieces and then divided the arc curve into 4 even spaces. This will tell me the rise of the curve at 12, 24 and 36 inches from the center of the template.



I cut the curve into the template with my saber saw and drew it on to the plywood that I cut out the day before to make the transom.



I cut the curve out.





I wanted to add a piece of wood across the top of the transom for further reinforcement so, I laid it out and fitted it to the top.



I will add one more piece of pine to the center then glue and screw it all together.

Bow Stem Final Cuts

I wanted to see if I could get the bow stem cut to its final size. I measured the bevels, set the table saw blade to the correct angle and hoped that I would get it right. I discovered that you cannot easily transfer lines over an irregularly shaped surface and the blade angle did not align with my drawn-on lines. The solution is to go with the saw blade angle which was taken directly from the full size drawing. The worked just fine. After cutting a test cut, I compared it to the actual line drawing and it matched exactly. Cut the bottom then notched out 3/4" of the back part of the stem to receive the keel. Measured the angle of the top cut and make the cut. Perfect!


Before the cut


Ready to install!

The Bow Stem

At the very front of the boat is the bow stem or cut water, as it is sometimes called. This is always a challenge for me because math was never my strongest suit. I took the clearest 2 x 4 I could find and sawed it into 2 - two foot pieces. I measured the angle that the side would be as it came in to meet the bow stem and set up the table saw. The 2 - four foot pieces go back to back so that one receives the plywood and the other covers the end of the plywood and projects out forward of it to the very front of the boat. They get cut at the same angle.



Everything having been cut correctly (supposedly!) I now join them with glue and wood screws.



This will dry overnight and I will cut it down to the correct size soon.

Cutting the Keel Slot

I have completed cutting the last step on all the frames, cutting a slot to accept the keel. This takes time to make sure it is done correctly. I decided a depth of 1/2" would be the best to get the landing area I need for the bottom panel. I wanted about an inch and a half so I would get good adhesion and lots on wood for the screws and nails that will hold the bottom panel in place. But that comes later. I laid out the slot to a depth of 1/2" on the face face. The face is the side that does not have the gussets or floor pieces mounted, just a clean side that is aligned with the position marks laid out on the drawing. The keel will always be 1/2" deep on this side of the frame.



Next, I transfer the lines across the top of the frame to the other side.



Now I measure the depth of the curvature 1-1/2", to allow for the 2 - 3/4" thicknesses of the frame wood and determine how much deeper I need to cut the slot at that point to allow for the curvature. In some places, I needed to add 5/16" to the 1/2" to allow for the curvature.



Now I used a hand saw to cut the depth of the slot to the limit lines on both sides of the frame and then used a chisel to remove the excess. I will fine tune the slot with a wood rasp.

Stringer cuts

I have been advancing by leaps and bounds until I hit the cutting of the frames. Here I get bogged down in making cuts into the frame that will accept the long stringers that will help reinforce the framing. I isn’t a simple matter of notching out a ¾ x 1-1/2” hole. At each frame there are two angles that must be taken into consideration in order for the stringer to sit properly against the frame. The angles are more pronounced as I approach the bow, where the more radical angles are located.

For example, I need first to determine the depth and angle of the cut that will be 1-1/2” deep.



The next cut also has an angle that must be included in order to complete the cut. The angle lines represent the bevel on this frame. The bevel is an area of wood that will be planed off to allow the bottom or side plywood panel to sit flat against the frame.



The roughed-out result looks like this:



Both sides of the frame also receive a long stringer. This one will represent the deck level and also requires angled cuts.



These are just the rough-cuts and will be refined to get a good contact and proper depth.

This takes time and thought as there 48 of them to do. I am completing 2 frames a day, as time allows and taking my time. After this is done, I will make the cut-out on each frame for the keel. This will be a wider cut in the center of each frame.

Floors and Spreaders

I began to glue and nail the floors to the frames yesterday and finished them this morning. Stacked against themselves, you can get an idea of what the contour of the boat will look like.



With the floors all installed, it was time to install the spreader. The spreader is a 1-1/2" x 1-1/2" piece that gets installed where the frame gets set onto the "foundation" or building cradle. It adds support to the frame during construction and locates the frame at the correct height on the foundation.

The building cradle will be a rectangle 14 feet long by 4 feet wide. Squared and leveled, the cradle will support the boat as it gets built. It is one of the next things that gets built.

Back to the spreaders.

I cut each spreader at least 4 feey wide and more as the frames widen. I think the widest was around 78 inches.

I pilot each spreader then attach it in the correct position with decking screws.





Every screw, no matter its function, gets waxed before screwing it in to lubricate it.

The finished products:





Tomorrow, I will either start the cradle or cut the insets for the long wood stringers that will help hold the frames in place.

Prepping the Floors

The gussets firmed up overnight and I began to prepare the floors for gluing and nailing tomorrow. The floors go on the same side as the gussets. I had to reset them all to the correct side. At least I caught it before I set them!

They are made of 1” pine (3/4” nominal) and I will use 1-1/4” long silicone-bronze ring nails to fasten them into the frame.



First I position and mark their limits off on the frame for glue placement.



Then I drill 4 pilot holes on each side for the nails.





It was a fast operation and will help everything go smoothly tomorrow when I glue and nail it together.

Installing the gussets

Today marked the first day using glue to make permanent bonds. All the preparation work I did yesterday allowed me to join the side and bottom pieces if the frame permanently.

I brought together the tools and materials: hammer, 1" long silicone-bronze ring nails, Small diameter nails to help align the pilot holes, DAP Weldwood Plastic Resin Glue, a dry container to mix the glue, a glass of water for the glue mix, plastic spoons, a stick to spread the glue.

It's a messy job so the left over construction paper served as a "drop-cloth" for the excess glue.

I laid out lines on the frames at the ends of the gussets so I would know where to stop spreading the glue..

I took 10 level spoonfuls of the glue powder and 4 of water to mix the glue. It has a work time of 30 minutes.





The first thing I did was put glue on the bottom edge that comes into contact with the side piece. I then spread a quantity of the glue on each piece of the frame then placed the gusset on top, aligning it with the smaller diameter nails.



Pound in the nails, wipe the excess glue and that's it!





Did that 19 times and finished them all with 2-1/2 batches of glue.



I will let them dry overnight and install the "floors" at the center of each frame tomorrow!

Preparing the frames for the gussets

Today's tasks was to prepare the gussets to be mounted to the frames. I began by taking each frame piece, previously marked as left or right hand side or bottom. They were also marked with their orientation. If it was a side, which direction was up and if a bottom piece, which direction to the centerline.

Taking a side piece and its mating bottom frame piece, they were aligned and the gusset placed in it's proper position to hold them together.



Marks were laid out where to place the ring nails, making sure to avoid placing any nails either in the chine strip area or too close to the edge where it could interfere in the beveling process.

The drill was prepared, the frame pieces butted and the gusset correctly positioned. I began to drill 7 to 8 pilot holes per gusset to help make quick work out of gluing and nailing the gussets to the frames.



This particular frame is a little different but serves to illustrate the drilling of the pilot holes.

When the final gluing and nailing is to take place, I can take some slightly smaller diameter nails and use them to properly position and align the gussets after I apply the glue and just prior to nailing the gussets in place.



In preparation for the final assembly of the frames. I chose to rip four eight foot 2X4's in half to use as "spreaders" for the frames. The spreaders will give the frame rigidity during the assembly of the hull, and, because I am building the boat upside down, they will help me attach the frame to the building foundations that I will construct as soon as all the frames are ready!

Floors and Gussets

Today was cutting day for the gussets and the "floors".

I put my sheet of 3/8" marine plywood on the sawhorses and laid out a pattern for each gusset on the panel, trying to waste as little wood as possible. Then, I broke out the saber saw and began to cut them out.



Finishing them all, I then turned my attention to cutting 12: long pieces on 1" thick pine to male the floors, or enter frame supports. The circular saw cut the needed 12" lengths then the table saw was used to cut the angles.



This is the pattern on the 12 inch pine prior to cutting.

Tomorrow, I will rip 2 x 4's down the middle to make the last part I need to begin putting the frames together.

Frame Bottom Brace

I am making the patterns for the each frame's bottom brace or "floor' as it is called in the boatbulider's vocabulary.

I will cut these from 1" pine then glue and nail them to the frame when I assemble the frames.



Some of the frames (#5-7) will have the middles cut out of them to accommodate the centerboard trunk or box. This will be seen down the road. For now, I won't put nails in the middle area of these frames "floor" they will just get tossed and it would be a waste.

The Gusset

Today I completed drawing and cutting the gusset patterns for each frame , making them from construction paper.

They will be used as a guide for cutting them out (2 per frame for a total of 20) of 3/8" thick marine plywood.

The wooden gussets will be installed in the corner of each frame, secured with silicone bronze ring nails and glue to secure the side and bottom piece of each frame. The picture below shows where they get fastened on the frame.



Next project will be to cut out patterns for the "floors". The floors are another word for a piece of 1" thick pine that will be used to join the 2 bottom pieces of the frame at it's center, kind of the same concept as the gusset. The floor will also serve as an additional landing area for the keel.